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domingo, 30 de diciembre de 2012

Antiguas tradiciones de año nuevo: wünsche gehen und gross neusjahr


“Cuando éramos niños, el día de Año Nuevo era para nosotros una jornada de fiesta. Salíamos a visitar a toda la parentela vor wünsche. Entrábamos en todas las casas para desear un feliz comienzo de año a todos los integrantes de cada familia, y ellos, a cambio, nos obsequiaban caramelos y masitas. Para los niños humildes de la colonia era, quizás, la única fecha del año en que recibían una golosina. Por eso no dejábamos de visitar ningún pariente ni amigo. Con cada regalo armábamos un paquetito que llamábamos Pindllie: poníamos las golosinas en el centro de un pañuelo y uníamos sus cuatro puntas mediante un nudo”.

Wünsche gehen und gross neusjahr

El primer día del año los niños se levantaban bien temprano a la mañana, casi con el amanecer, para saludar a sus padres deseándoles feliz año nuevo, recitando un poema varias veces centenario y de autor desconocido, que dice así: Vater und Mutter ich wünsche euch glückseeliges neusjahr, langes leben und Gesundkeit; frieden und einigkeit und nach eren Tod die ewige klückseeligkeit”. “Das wüsnsche mir dir auch”, respondían mama y papá mientras les obsequiaban golosinas.
Cumplido este ritual, los pequeños salían a visitar a parientes y amigos para también desearles la felicidad en el año nuevo que comenzaba. Pero esta ocasión el poema era otro: glück und segen / auf allen Wgen! / Frieden im Haus / jahrein, jahraus! / In gesunden und kranken Tagen / kraft genung, Freud und Leid tragen! / Stets im Kasten ein stücklein Brot, / das geb’ uns gott!
Al finalizar la jornada todos los niños de la colonia, sobre todo los más humildes, se sentían dichosos con la enorme cantidad de golosinas que lograban reunir tras una larga jornada de “trabajo”, visitando tíos, abuelos y demás parientes.
La tradición se completaba el Día de Reyes con el gross naeusjahr (Año Nuevo Grande), cuando los que salían a expresar sus augurios de felicidad en el año que se iniciaba eran las personas mayores. Pero estos, en lugar de ser recibidos con golosinas, eran agasajados con sendas copitas de licor. Por lo que a medida que avanzaba la jornada y la visita de las casas se repetía una tras otra, con parientes y amigos, y con ellas, una tras otra las copitas de licor, la borrachera comenzaba a surgir, y con ella los cánticos satíricos. 

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